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  1. Arthritis
    ArthritisType of joint disorder
    OverviewSymptomsCausesDiagnosisTreatmentsDoctors
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  2. Causes - Arthritis

    Verified Expert

    Arthritis is caused by various reasons. The common causes include:

    • Wear and tear of cartilage in joints
    • Metabolic abnormalities- there is imbalance of many chemical substances in the body
    • Infection (Bacterial or Viral)
    • Autoimmune disease- the body mistakenly fights its own cells
    • Injury

    Risk factors include:

    • Family history
    • Obesity
    • Age - increases with age
    • Gender - Women are more likely to develop arthritis

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    Complications

    Verified Expert

    If arthritis is left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as:

    • Joint damage: Joint deformities, damage to nearby tendon, etc
    • Widespread inflammation: Inflammation can spread to other parts of the body like lungs, heart, and eyes
    • Cardiovascular damage: People with rheumatoid arthritis are at higher risk of developing cardio vascular disease

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    Symptoms

    Verified Expert
    Contact your provider if experiencing new, severe, or persistent symptoms.

    Symptoms vary depending on the type of arthritis. The most common symptoms in the initial stages are:

    • Joint pain- knee or hip pain
    • Swelling
    • Redness in the joints
    • Tenderness in joints
    • Loss of appetite
    • Fever

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    What are the symptoms of arthritis?
    The warning signs of arthritis include joint pain , stiffness, swelling, difficulty moving a joint through its normal range of motion, redness, and warmth. Signs and symptoms must not be allowed to persist without consulting a healthcare provider. 1
    verywellhealth.com

    Diagnosis

    Verified Expert
    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    Doctors will examine joint movements. Blood test and imaging tests help in diagnosing the severity of inflammation and check the progression of disease.

    Common tests & procedures

    Physical examination: To examine swelling of joints and redness.

    Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): It is a blood test to check inflammation.

    C-reactive protein (CRP): This is a blood marker test to determine acute inflammation. CRP is produced in liver and the higher level indicates the degree of inflammation.

    Antinuclear antibody test (ANA): A blood test to measure the antibodies that attack the healthy proteins. It helps in diagnosing auto-immune diseases.

    Anti-cyclic citrullinated protein test (Anti-CCP): To identify the anti-CCP antibody, which is an antibody that causes RA.

    X-ray: Knee X-ray is taken to check the cartilage loss, bone damage and bone spurs. X-rays are also used to track the progression of the disease.

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI scan of joints provides more detailed images of cartilage, tendons and ligaments.

    CT scan: CT Scan of the joints helps in checking the bones and the surrounding tissues.

    Ultrasound: Instrumental in checking for any fluid containing structures in joints. This is also used to guide needle placement for injections and joint aspirations.

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    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    Treatments vary depending on the type of arthritis. The treatment focuses on reducing symptoms and improving quality of life.

    Medication

    Analgesics: Reduces joint pain but does not reduce the inflammation.

    Acetaminophen

    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): It will help reduce both pain and inflammation.

    Ibuprofen

    Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.

    Triamcinolone . Methylprednisolone

    Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): The most standard RA treatment helps to slow down the progression of RA.

    Azathioprine . Cyclophosphamide

    Pain killers: It will reduce the joint pain.

    Capsaicin

    See more
    Source: Focus Medica. For informational purposes only. Consult a medical professional for advice.
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    Table of Contents
    Causes
    Complications
    Symptoms
    What are the symptoms of arthritis?
    Diagnosis
    Treatment
     

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